ABSTRACT
This study aimed to compare the totally tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy and standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy techniques regarding their rates of success and complications in patients with kidney stones. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups. Forty-four patients (24 men; mean age: 50.40±2.02 years) received totally tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL; no nephrostomy catheter or ureteral catheter after PCNL) and 40 patients (18 men; mean age: 49.95±13.38 years) underwent standard PCNL (a nephrostomy catheter and ureteral catheter were used after PCNL). All surgeries were performed by one surgeon. Postoperative changes in hemoglobin, the blood transfusion rate, changes in creatinine levels, operation time, analgesic need, hospitalization time, and complication rate were compared between the groups. No significant differences were observed in age, gender, stone size, and surgery side between the groups (P<0.05). The operation time was significantly lower in the totally tubeless PCNL group than in the standard PCNL group (P=0.005). Pethidine requirements were significantly higher in the standard PCNL group than the totally tubeless PCNL group (P=0.007). Hospitalization time was significantly higher in the standard PCNL group than in the totally tubeless PCNL group (P<0.0001). The complication rate was 15% in the standard PCNL group and 9.1% in the totally tubeless PCNL group (P=0.73). The totally tubeless PCNL technique is safe and effective, even for patients with staghorn stones. This technique is associated with decreased pain, analgesic needs, and operative and hospitalization time. We believe that a normal peristaltic ureter is the best drainage tube.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Postoperative Complications , Nephrostomy, Percutaneous/adverse effects , Nephrostomy, Percutaneous/methods , Kidney Calculi/surgery , Nephrostomy, Percutaneous/instrumentation , Reproducibility of Results , Treatment Outcome , Operative Time , Analgesics/therapeutic use , Length of StayABSTRACT
The potentiating effects of phenobarbitone sodium on the experimental induction of liver necrosis and cirrhosis by carbon tetrachloride [CCL4] were studied in 50 rats. CC14 was given by intraperitoneal injection, phenobarbitone in drinking water. Thirty rats received both agents; and 10 each received only one agent. In 7 of 10 animals given CC14alone, moderate cirrhosis without ascites developed within 6 to 8 weeks; the other 3 rats died before fourth week. All animals receiving both agents and surviving for as long as 5 to 8 weeks developed severe cirrhosis with marked proliferation of the bile ducts within 2 months. Most of these animals also had ascites. Five rats given only phenobarbitone remained healthy, although their livers increased in weight